Although the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic has passed, vaccines remain a key part of public health and international travel in 2025. This guide covers available vaccines, booster requirements, and side effects across major Asian countries.
Top Vaccine Brands Used in Asia
| Country | Common Vaccines | Booster Required? |
|---|---|---|
| Singapore | Pfizer, Moderna, Sinopharm | Yes, annually (optional) |
| Malaysia | Pfizer, Sinovac, AstraZeneca | Yes, for elderly/vulnerable |
| India | Covaxin, Covishield, Sputnik V | Yes, every 12–18 months |
| Indonesia | Sinovac, Zifivax, mRNA imports | Yes, as advised by MoH |
| Japan | Pfizer, Moderna, Novavax | Optional for most groups |
Common Side Effects
- Sore arm or redness at injection site
- Mild fever or chills
- Headache, fatigue
- Rare: myocarditis (mostly in young males with mRNA vaccines)
Most side effects resolve within 48 hours. Severe allergic reactions are extremely rare.
Who Needs Boosters in 2025?
- Healthcare workers
- Adults over 60
- People with chronic illness
- International travelers
- Those vaccinated more than 12 months ago
Accepted Vaccines for Travel (as of 2025)
| Region | Approved Brands |
|---|---|
| EU/US | Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Novavax |
| Middle East | Sinopharm, Covaxin, Sputnik |
| ASEAN | All WHO-listed vaccines generally accepted |
Tip: Check airline or embassy websites for up-to-date entry rules.
Expert Insight
“Covid-19 is now endemic, but vaccines still prevent severe illness and disruption—especially in high-density urban populations.” — Dr. Kenji Sato, Infectious Disease Advisor
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can I mix different vaccine brands for boosters?
A: Yes. Studies show mixing (e.g., Pfizer + Moderna) may increase antibody response.
Q: Are Covid vaccines still free?
A: In most countries, yes—but private hospitals may charge administration fees.
Q: Are annual Covid shots required?
A: Not mandatory for all, but recommended for high-risk groups.
User Experiences
- “I took 3 different brands over 3 years—felt safe, no major side effects.” — Sharifah, 33, Malaysia
- “Got a booster before traveling to Japan. Immigration asked for digital cert.” — Rohan, 41, India
- “My dad had mild fever after the fourth dose, but recovered in a day.” — Akiko, 58, Japan
Editor’s Note
Covid-19 may be here to stay, but informed protection is within reach. Vaccines remain safe, effective, and vital to public life and cross-border mobility.