Diabetes Mellitus: Prevention and Management in Asia

Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is one of the fastest-growing chronic diseases in Asia. Driven by lifestyle changes, urbanization, and genetic susceptibility, Asia now has the highest global burden of diabetes. This article explores its causes, symptoms, complications, and strategies for prevention and management.

Diabetes in Asia: The Growing Epidemic

• High Burden: More than 60% of the world’s diabetic population lives in Asia.
• Early Onset: Asians often develop diabetes at lower BMI levels.
• Urban Lifestyle: Diets high in refined carbs and low in fiber worsen risks.
• Economic Burden: Rising healthcare costs due to complications like kidney failure, blindness, and cardiovascular disease.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Family history and genetics.
• Obesity, especially abdominal obesity.
• Diets rich in white rice, noodles, and sugary drinks.
• Physical inactivity.
• Stress and irregular sleep patterns.

Symptoms

• Frequent urination.
• Excessive thirst and hunger.
• Fatigue and blurred vision.
• Slow wound healing.

Diagnosis

• Fasting blood glucose test.
• HbA1c test (average blood sugar over 3 months).
• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Management and Treatment

Lifestyle Changes

• Adopt balanced diets rich in whole grains, vegetables, and lean proteins.
• Regular exercise: 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly.
• Weight management.

Medications

• Metformin as first-line treatment.
• Insulin for advanced cases.
• Newer drugs: GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Prevention

• Reduce refined carbohydrates.
• Encourage physical activity in schools and workplaces.
• Regular screenings for high-risk groups.

Conclusion

Diabetes in Asia is a public health emergency. With preventive measures, lifestyle changes, and improved medical care, the burden can be reduced significantly.

diabetes management Asia, type 2 diabetes prevention, blood sugar control

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